Imagine the 14th century, when Majapahit—an ancient Indonesian kingdom—stood proudly in East Java. Founded in 1293 by Raden Wijaya, the kingdom reached its golden age under King Hayam Wuruk and his prime minister, Gajah Mada. Its influence stretched from Java to the Moluccas, even crossing into the Malay Peninsula—a vast trade network linking the archipelago with China, India, and the Middle East.
Majapahit’s ports, such as Tuban and Gresik, were never quiet. Ships from distant lands arrived laden with silk, ceramics, and metals, then set sail home carrying the spices of the archipelago: cloves, nutmeg, cinnamon, cardamom, and ginger. At that time, a single nutmeg seed could be worth its weight in gold in the Middle East—a fact that made Indonesian spices among the most valuable commodities in the world.
In the royal court, spices were not only for trade. Majapahit nobles burned cinnamon as incense during ceremonies. Cardamom and cloves were blended into perfumes to signify social status. Even ancient records and temple reliefs depict the act of brewing spiced drinks as part of palace banquets.
Common folk, too, knew ginger and lemongrass as remedies for colds, comfort for the heart, and warmth for the body. This spiced infusion—the ancestor of today’s wedang—accompanied evening conversations and simple rituals after a day’s work in the fields. In other words, the tradition of drinking wedang had already taken root during Majapahit’s era, even if it went by another name.
Majapahit kings often offered spices as gifts to forge alliances with neighboring kingdoms. Tales of the archipelago’s prosperous spice islands reached European ears and would later spark the Age of Exploration. Rumors of rich spice islands drove European powers to launch their great voyages. Columbus, Magellan, and Vasco da Gama were all inspired by stories of cloves and nutmeg from the Spice Islands. Ancient sailors had no digital maps, but the scent of cloves carried by the wind often guided their way. Records from several explorers mention they could “smell” the spice islands before they ever saw land—a testament to the extraordinary fragrance of Indonesian spices.
So, every time we sip wedang jahe or wedang uwuh today, we’re not just enjoying a warm drink. We’re reconnecting with history—tasting the legacy of diplomacy, trade, and culture that has pulsed since the glory days of the ancient Indonesian kingdom of Majapahit.
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